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Doc needs help
type_error(integer, Index) if Index is not an integer or unbound.
Evidently the integer can be unbound in "searching mode"
?- nth0(X,[a,b,c],b). X = 1 ; false.
But indeed:
?- nth0(foo,[a,b,c],b). ERROR: Type error: `integer' expected, found `foo' (an atom)
Note that
This is basically member/2, but with additional index information.
Tips & Tricks
This can also be used for searching in a list (and thus for checking whether an element is in a list):
?- nth0(I,[a,b,c,d],b). I = 1 ; false.
Note that (similar to member/2), nth0/3 provides "well-behaved determinism on the last element":
No determinism:
?- nth0(I,[a,foo,c,d,e,foo,f],foo). I = 1 ; % "There may be more" I = 5 ; % "There may be more" false. % "Actually there are not"
But if the last element matches:
?- nth0(I,[a,foo,c,d,e,foo,f,foo],foo). I = 1 ; % "There may be more" I = 5 ; % "There may be more" I = 7. % "Found a last one and I'm sure there are no more"
nth0∕3 is lenient
A bit unexpectedly perhaps, out-of-bound errors cause failure, as opposed to throwing:
?- nth0(2,[0,1,2],X). X = 2. ?- nth0(3,[0,1,2],X). false. ?- nth0(-1,[0,1,2],X). false.
Similarly, non-lists lead to failure, or even success if the element is found before a broken end-of-list is hit:
?- nth0(X,foo,foo). false. ?- nth0(X,[foo|bar],foo). X = 0. ?- nth0(X,[foo|bar],baz). false.
Maybe an extension?
Sometimes (rarely?) one might want the sublist "element n ... element m". One can use append but this means creating new lists to take up a prefix, which is then immediately discarded, maybe a sublist_based_at_nth0(+List,+N,+SublistLength,-Sublist) might help.
An extension for several (non-contiguous) elements
A "vector nth0" vector_nth0/3, based on nth0/3 and which retrieves several entries in one call can be found here:
