---

This file is part of Logtalk https://logtalk.org/ SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1998-2023 Paulo Moura <pmoura@logtalk.org> SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at

http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.

optionals

This library provides an implementation of optional terms with an API modeled after the Java 8 Optional class (originally due to requests by users working in Logtalk/Java hybrid applications). An optional term is an opaque compound term that may or may not hold a value. Optional terms avoid forcing the user to define a representation for the absence of a value by providing an API with predicates that depend on the presence or absence of a value. Optional terms also allow separating the code that constructs optional terms from the code that processes them, which is then free to deal if necessary and at its convenience with any case where the values held by optional terms are not present.

API documentation

Open the [../../docs/library_index.html#optionals](../../docs/library_index.html#optionals) link in a web browser.

Loading

To load all entities in this library, load the loader.lgt file:

| ?- logtalk_load(optionals(loader)).

Testing

To test this library predicates, load the tester.lgt file:

| ?- logtalk_load(optionals(tester)).

Usage

The optional object provides constructors for optional terms. For example:

| ?- optional::of(1, Optional). ...

The created optional terms can then be passed as parameters to the optional/1 parametric object. For example:

| ?- optional::of(1, Optional), optional(Optional)::or_else(Term, 0). Optional = optional(1), Term = 1 yes

| ?- optional::empty(Optional), optional(Optional)::or_else(Term, 0). Optional = empty, Term = 0 yes

The maybe object provides types and predicates for type-checking of the term held by optional terms. It also provides some predicates for handling lists of optional terms.

See also

The expecteds library.